A na-ejikarị akụkụ abụọ mejupụtara ihe nrụpụta mmanụ dizel: injin na ọzọ

Injin Diesel engine bụ injin na-ere mmanụ dizel ọkụ iji nweta ntọhapụ ike. Uru nke engine dizel bụ ike dị elu na ezigbo arụmọrụ akụ na ụba. Usoro ọrụ nke injin diesel yiri nke injin mmanụ ụgbọala. Usoro ọrụ ọ bụla na-aga site na strok anọ: oriri, mkpakọ, ọrụ, na ike ọgwụgwụ. Ma n’ihi na mmanụ a na-eji mmanụ dizel bụ mmanụ dizel, viscosity ya dị elu karịa mmanụ ụgbọala, ọ naghịkwa adị mfe ịpụ apụ, ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ ya n’onwe ya dịkwa ala karịa mmanụ ụgbọala. Ya mere, nguzobe na mgbanye nke ngwakọta combustible dị iche na mmanụ ụgbọala engines. Isi ihe dị iche bụ na ngwakọta nke dị na cylinder nke engine diesel bụ mkpakọ-agbanye kama ịbụ ọkụ. Mgbe engine dizel na-arụ ọrụ, ikuku na-abanye na cylinder. Mgbe ikuku dị na cylinder na-agbanye na njedebe, okpomọkụ nwere ike iru 500-700 degrees Celsius, na nrụgide nwere ike iru 40-50 ikuku. Mgbe piston dị nso na etiti nwụrụ anwụ dị elu, mgbapụta nrụgide dị elu na engine na-etinye mmanụ dizel n'ime cylinder na nrụgide dị elu. Diesel na-emepụta mmanu mmanu mmanu, nke a na-agwakọta ya na elu-nrụgide na ikuku okpomọkụ. N'oge a, okpomọkụ nwere ike iru 1900-2000 degrees Celsius, na nrụgide nwere ike iru 60-100 ikuku, nke na-emepụta ike dị ukwuu.

Igwe mmanụ dizel na-ere ọkụ na-arụ ọrụ, na mkpali na-eme na piston na-agbanwe ka ọ bụrụ ike na-eme ka crankshaft na-atụgharị site na mkpanaka njikọ, si otú ahụ na-ebugharị crankshaft iji tụgharịa. Igwe mmanụ dizel na-eme ka generator na-arụ ọrụ, na-atụgharị ike nke mmanụ dizel ka ọ bụrụ ike eletrik.

The alternator arụnyere coaxially na crankshaft nke dizel engine, na rotor nke generator nwere ike na-anyagharị site na ntụgharị nke mmanụ dizel engine. N'iji ụkpụrụ nke 'electromagnetic induction', generator ga-emepụta ike electromotive na-ebute, nke nwere ike ịmepụta ugbu a site na sekit ibu mechiri emechi. abuo. Sistemụ igwe mmanụ dizel isii: 1. Usoro mmanu mmanu; 2. Usoro mmanụ ọkụ; 3. Usoro oyi; 4. oriri na iyuzucha usoro; 5. Usoro nchịkwa; 6. Malite usoro.

[1] Sistemụ lubrication mgbochi esemokwu (ntụgharị ọsọ dị elu nke crankshaft, ozugbo enweghị mmanu, a ga-agbaze ogwe ahụ ozugbo, piston na piston mgbanaka ga-emegharị na nnukwu ọsọ na cylinder ahụ. dị ka 17-23m / s, nke dị mfe ime ka okpomọkụ na ịdọrọ cylinder. ) Belata oriri ike ma belata nkwụsị nke akụkụ ígwè ọrụ. Ọ nwekwara ọrụ nke jụrụ oyi, ihicha, akara, na mgbochi oxidation na corrosion.

Ndozi usoro mmanu mmanu? Lelee ọkwa mmanụ kwa izu iji kwado ọkwa mmanụ ziri ezi; mgbe ịmalitere engine, lelee ma nrụgide mmanụ ọ bụ ihe nkịtị. ? Lelee ọkwa mmanụ kwa afọ iji kwado ọkwa mmanụ ziri ezi; lelee ma nrụgide mmanụ ọ bụ ihe nkịtị mgbe ịmalitere engine; were ihe nlele nke mmanụ ma dochie mmanụ na mmanụ. ? Lelee ọkwa mmanụ kwa ụbọchị. ? Were ihe nlele mmanụ kwa awa 250, wee dochie ihe nzacha mmanụ na mmanụ. ? Na-asachapụ iku ume crankcase kwa awa 250 ọ bụla. ? Lelee ọkwa mmanụ engine dị na crankcase ma debe ọkwa mmanụ n'etiti akara "gbakwunyere" na "zuru" n'akụkụ "nkwụsị engine" nke mmanụ dipstick. ? Lelee akụkụ ndị a maka ntapu: akara crankshaft, crankcase, mmanụ mmanụ, plọg ụzọ mmanụ, ihe mmetụta na mkpuchi valve.

[2] Usoro mmanụ ọkụ na-emecha nchekwa, nzacha na nnyefe mmanụ. Ngwaọrụ na-enye mmanụ: mmanụ dizel tank, mmanụ ọkụ mgbapụta, mmanụ dizel filter, mmanụ ụgbọala injector, wdg.

Ndozi usoro mmanụ ụgbọala Lelee ma nkwonkwo nke eriri mmanụ na-atọhapụ ma ọ bụ na-agbapụta. Gbaa mbọ hụ na ị na-ebunye mmanụ ọkụ na injin ahụ. Jupụta mmanụ ụgbọala na mmanụ ụgbọala kwa izu abụọ; lelee ma nrụgide mmanụ ụgbọala bụ ihe nkịtị mgbe ịmalitere engine. Lelee ma nrụgide mmanụ ụgbọala bụ ihe nkịtị mgbe ịmalitere engine; jupụta tank mmanụ na mmanụ ọkụ mgbe engine kwụsịrị ịgba ọsọ. Wepu mmiri na sedimenti site na tank mmanụ kwa awa 250 Dochie ezigbo nzacha mmanụ dizel kwa awa 250 ọ bụla.

[3] Sistemụ jụrụ oyi Onye na-emepụta mmanụ dizel na-ebute oke okpomọkụ n'ihi ọkụ nke mmanụ dizel na esemokwu nke akụkụ ndị na-akpụ akpụ n'oge arụ ọrụ. Iji hụ na akụkụ ndị a na-ekpo ọkụ nke engine diesel na shei supercharger adịghị emetụta oke okpomọkụ, na iji hụ na mmanye nke elu ọrụ ọ bụla, Ọ ga-adị mma na akụkụ ọkụ. Mgbe onye na-emepụta mmanụ diesel na-adịghị mma na okpomọkụ nke akụkụ ahụ dị oke elu, ọ ga-eme ka ụfọdụ ọdịda. Akwụsịghị akụkụ nke onye na-emepụta mmanụ dizel ajụ oyi, na okpomọkụ nke akụkụ ahụ dị oke ala iji mee ka ọ pụta ìhè.

Ndozi usoro jụrụ oyi? Lelee ọkwa coolant kwa ụbọchị, tinye coolant mgbe achọrọ ya? Lelee ntinye nke ihe mgbochi nchara na coolant kwa awa 250, tinye ihe mgbochi nchara mgbe achọrọ ya? Na-ehicha sistemu jụrụ oyi kwa awa 3000 wee jiri coolant ọhụrụ dochie ya? Lelee ọkwa coolant kwa izu ka idowe ọkwa oyi dị mma. ? Lelee ma enwere ntapu pipeline kwa afọ, lelee mkpokọta ihe na-egbochi nchara na igwe oyi, ma tinye ihe na-egbochi nchara mgbe ọ dị mkpa. ? Na-ekpochapụ ihe na-ekpo ọkụ kwa afọ atọ, hichaa ma kpochaa usoro jụrụ oyi; dochie onye na-ahụ maka okpomọkụ; dochie eriri roba; mejupụta usoro jụrụ oyi na coolant.

[4] Sistemụ nri na ikpochapụ Sistemụ oriri na iyuzucha nke injin dizel gụnyere oriri na ọnyụnyụ ọkpọkọ, ihe nzacha ikuku, isi cylinder, na ngafe na ikpochapụ n'ime ngọngọ cylinder. Idozi ihe oriri na sistemu iyuzucha Tulee ihe nzacha ikuku kwa izu, ma dochie nzacha ikuku mgbe akụkụ ihe ngosi uhie pụtara. Dochie nzacha ikuku kwa afọ; lelee / dozie nkwụsị valvụ. Lelee ihe nzacha ikuku kwa ụbọchị. Na-asachapụ/dochie ihe nzacha ikuku kwa awa 250 ọ bụla. Mgbe a na-eji ihe ọhụrụ generator maka awa 250 maka oge mbụ, ọ dị mkpa ka ịlele / dozie nkwụsị nke valve.

[5] Usoro njikwa njikwa ịgbanye mmanụ ọkụ, njikwa ọsọ na-adịghị arụ ọrụ, njikwa oriri, njikwa nkwalite, njikwa ikuku, njikwa mmalite

Nchọpụta onwe onye na-ezighị ezi na nchebe ọdịda, njikwa jikọtara ọnụ nke engine diesel na nnyefe akpaaka, njikwa mmanụ ọkụ: Njikwa mmanụ ọkụ na-agụnye: njikwa mmanụ ọkụ (injection), njikwa oge, mmanụ ọkụ (injection) njikwa oge, mmanụ ọkụ (injection) njikwa ọnụego na njikwa nrụgide injection mmanụ, wdg.

Njikwa ọsọ na-adịghị arụ ọrụ: Njikwa ọsọ nke injin diesel na-agụnye njikwa ọsọ na-adịghị arụ ọrụ yana otu cylinder nke ọ bụla n'oge a na-arụ ọrụ.

Njikwa oriri: Njikwa oriri nke injin diesel na-agụnye njikwa ihe oriri, njikwa swirl na-agbanwe agbanwe na njikwa oge valve agbanwe.

Supercharging njikwa: ECU na-achịkwa supercharging engine mmanụ dizel dị ka mgbama ọsọ nke mmanụ dizel, mgbama ibu, mgbaama mgbali elu, wdg, site na ịchịkwa oghere nke valvụ mkpofu ma ọ bụ nkuku ntụtụ nke gas iyuzucha. Injector, na turbocharger turbine iyuzucha gas inlet Usoro dị ka nha nke akụkụ obe nwere ike ịghọta njikwa nke steeti na-arụ ọrụ ma na-abawanye nrụgide nke ikuku gas turbocharger, iji meziwanye njirimara torque nke engine dizel, melite ịrụ osooso, na ibelata ikuku na mkpọtụ.

Njikwa ikuku: Njikwa ikuku nke injin mmanụ diesel bụ njikwa ikuku ikuku recirculation (EGR). ECU na-achịkwa oghere valvụ EGR dị ka mmemme ebe nchekwa dabere na ọsọ injin dizel na akara ibu iji dozie ọnụego EGR.

Njikwa mmalite: njikwa mmalite nke mmanụ dizel gụnyere njikwa ọkọnọ mmanụ (injection), njikwa oge ọkọchị, na njikwa ngwaọrụ preheating. N'ime ha, mmanụ ọkụ (injection) njikwa na mmanụ ọkụ (injection) njikwa oge na-adaba na usoro ndị ọzọ. Otú ahụ ka ọ dịkwa.

Nchọpụta onwe onye kpatara mmejọ na nchebe ọdịda: Sistemụ njikwa eletrọnịkị diesel nwekwara sistemu subsystem abụọ: nyocha onwe onye na nchekwa ọdịda. Mgbe usoro nchịkwa elektrọn nke dizel daa, usoro nyocha nke onwe ya ga-eme ka "egosi mmejọ" dị na ogwe ngwaọrụ iji chetara onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala ka ọ ṅaa ntị, ma chekwaa koodu mmejọ ahụ. N'oge mmezi, enwere ike weghachite koodu mmejọ na ozi ndị ọzọ site na ụfọdụ usoro ọrụ; n'otu oge ahụ; Sistemu enweghị nchekwa na-eme ka mmemme nchebe dabara adaba, ka mmanụ dizel nwee ike ịga n'ihu na-agba ọsọ ma ọ bụ manye ka ọ kwụsị.

Njikwa jikọtara ọnụ nke injin diesel na nnyefe akpaaka: Na ụgbọ ala mmanụ dizel nke nwere nnyefe elektrọnik na-achịkwa, a na-ejikọta mmanụ dizel engine ECU na njikwa nnyefe akpaka ECU iji ghọta njikwa zuru oke nke injin dizel na nnyefe akpaka iji melite arụmọrụ nke ụgbọ ala. .

[6] Usoro inyeaka nke usoro mmalite na ọrụ nke ngwa mmanụ dizel n'onwe ya na-eri ike. Iji mee mgbanwe engine site na steeti static gaa na ọnọdụ ọrụ, a ga-ebu ụzọ gbanwee crankshaft nke engine site na ike dị n'èzí iji mee ka piston na-emegharịghachi, na ngwakọta ọkụ na cylinder na-ere ọkụ. Mgbasawanye na-arụ ọrụ ma na-akwatu piston ala ka ọ tụgharịa crankshaft. Injin ahụ nwere ike na-agba ọsọ n'onwe ya, na okirikiri ọrụ nwere ike ịga n'ihu na akpaghị aka. Ya mere, usoro dum site na mgbe crankshaft na-amalite ịtụgharị n'okpuru ọrụ nke ike mpụga ruo mgbe engine na-amalite na-akpaghị aka na-akpọ mmalite nke engine. Lelee tupu ịmalite generator · Nyocha mmanụ ụgbọala Lelee ma nkwonkwo nke eriri mmanụ ahụ agbazere na ma ọ dị ncha. Gbaa mbọ hụ na ị na-ebunye mmanụ ọkụ na injin ahụ. Ọ gafere 2/3 nke ọnụ ọgụgụ zuru ezu. Usoro mmanu mmanu (lele mmanụ) na-enyocha ọkwa mmanụ dị na crankcase nke engine ahụ, ma na-edebe ọkwa mmanụ na "ADD" na "FULL" nke "nkwụsị engine" na mmanụ dipstick. Kaa akara n'etiti. Nyocha ọkwa ọkwa mmiri mgbochi mgbochi .Nleba voltaji batrị Batrị enweghị ntapu yana voltaji batrị bụ 25-28V. A na-emechi ihe ngbanwe nke nrụpụta generator.